The German government has approved a draft law that legalizes the purchase and possession of cannabis for recreational use. The legislation permits adults to possess up to 25 grams of cannabis and grow up to three plants for personal use. Additionally, individuals can join non-profit “cannabis clubs” with membership capped at 500 people, where legal cultivation and purchase of the drug will be allowed.
However, this draft law still requires approval from the German parliament, with lawmakers expected to consider it when they return from their summer break on September 4th.
Karl Lauterbach, the Health Minister, has labeled this draft law as “a turning point” in Germany’s stance on cannabis. He argues that this more lenient approach could help combat the black market and drug-related crime, reduce the burden on law enforcement, and facilitate safer marijuana consumption. Lauterbach emphasized that minors will still be prohibited from using cannabis, and the government plans to launch a campaign to highlight the health risks associated with its use, particularly for young people.
Lauterbach referred to the proposed legislation as a form of “controlled legalization,” aimed at limiting consumption while making it safer. Chancellor Olaf Scholz’s center-left coalition considers this legislation a flagship project that would give Germany one of the most permissive cannabis policies in Europe.
Notably, the draft law is less comprehensive than initially intended. Plans to permit widespread cannabis sales in licensed stores were abandoned in April following concerns raised by the European Commission.
Despite its potential benefits, the draft law faces strong opposition from conservative politicians, doctors, and law enforcement officials. Critics argue that the move is irresponsible and that liberalization might not effectively curb the black market. The Professional Association of Pediatricians in Germany and other youth healthcare associations condemned the plan, expressing concern about potential increased cannabis consumption among young people. Police unions and judges criticized the legislation as overly bureaucratic and potentially adding to the judicial system’s stress.
Lauterbach acknowledged the controversy surrounding the plan and welcomed the discussions it has sparked. He defended the proposed approach of decriminalization while imposing restrictions and educating about the risks of cannabis use. He emphasized the importance of the government’s public health campaign, particularly in highlighting the negative impact of regular cannabis use on the developing brains of those under 25.
The legislation also enforces a prohibition on marijuana use within 200 meters of schools, youth organizations, playgrounds, sports grounds, or “cannabis clubs.” If the bill is passed, the government plans to review its societal impact after four years.
Several countries worldwide have already relaxed their cannabis regulations. Uruguay was the first country to legalize the production, distribution, and consumption of marijuana in 2013. In the United States, numerous states, including California, have revised their laws to allow cannabis use. Malta became the first EU member to legalize recreational cannabis in 2021, and the Netherlands has tolerated the sale and use of cannabis in designated “coffee shops” since the 1970s.
After examining examples from other countries, Health Minister Lauterbach expressed confidence that the current form of the German plan represents the best attempt at cannabis legislation so far.
